• Electric Shock - TIG welding operates at lower currents but still poses risks of electric shock, especially in wet or damp conditions or when using faulty equipment.
• UV and Infrared Radiation - The welding arc emits intense UV and IR radiation, which can cause serious burns, skin damage, or "arc eye" (a painful condition caused by cornea inflammation).
• Fumes and Gases - While TIG welding produces fewer fumes than other processes, it still generates hazardous gases like ozone and nitrogen oxides, particularly when welding aluminum or stainless steel.
• Burns and Heat Exposure - Molten metal, sparks, and contact with hot workpieces can result in severe burns.
• Eye Injuries - Flying particles or sparks can damage eyes if proper safety glasses or a welding helmet aren’t worn.
• Ergonomic Strain - TIG welding requires precision and extended periods of focus, often in awkward positions, leading to fatigue, muscle strain, or repetitive motion injuries.
• Fire and Explosion Hazards - Sparks or heat from the welding process can ignite nearby flammable materials.
• Noise Exposure - The welding environment, particularly when coupled with other machinery, can generate noise levels that risk hearing loss over time.
• Tungsten Electrode Hazards - Grinding or handling tungsten electrodes can expose workers to toxic dust or sharp ends, which may lead to injury.
• Visibility Challenges - Intense arc glare can obscure the welder’s view of the workpiece, increasing the risk of mistakes or accidents.

OSHA 29CFR:

• 1910.252: This standard outlines the basic safety precautions and practices for welding, cutting, and brazing operations in general industry
• 1910.133:  This standard focuses on protecting workers’ eyes and faces from hazards such as flying particles, molten metal, chemicals, and harmful light radiation

ANSI/ISEA Z87.1:

• Defines requirements for protective eyewear, including welding goggles and helmets, to prevent exposure to UV, infrared (IR), and visible light
• Includes specifications for lens shade numbers based on the type of welding (e.g., arc, TIG, MIG, or gas welding)

ANSI Z49.1:

• Provides comprehensive guidance on welding safety, including recommendations for clothing, gloves, helmets, and respiratory protection
• Emphasizes fire-resistant and non-melting fabrics for clothing

NFPA 2112: Standard on Flame-Resistant Clothing for Protection Against Flash Fire
This standard establishes the minimum performance requirements for flame-resistant (FR) garments designed to protect workers from flash fire hazards. It is widely used in industries such as oil and gas, chemical manufacturing, and utilities.

ASTM F1506: Standard Performance Specification for Flame Resistant and Arc Rated Textile Materials for Wearing Apparel Used by Electrical Workers Exposed to Momentary Arc and Related Thermal Hazards
Establishes minimum performance requirements for textiles used in protective clothing for workers exposed to electrical arcs and flames.

ASTM F2413: Standard Specification for Performance Requirements for Protective (Safety) Toe Cap Footwear
Defines the minimum performance requirements for safety footwear to protect against various workplace hazards.

ISO 11611: Protective Clothing for Use in Welding and Allied Processes
Specifies requirements for protective clothing designed to shield workers from heat, flame, and molten metal splashes during welding and related tasks.

ISO 11612: Protective Clothing to Protect Against Heat and Flame
Covers general requirements for garments that protect against heat and flame in industrial settings, such as foundries and firefighting support.